There are lots of diseases in veterinary sciences. Trypanosomiases a protozoal disease occur in cattle. Let we discuss about complete information of trypanosomiases ( Surra ) in cattle.
Definition Of Trypanosomiases In Cattle : Trypanosomiases ( Surra ) In Cattle
Trypanosomiases ( Surra ) refers to the groups of disease that caused by the protozoa of Genus Trypanosoma and effect all the domestic animals. This disease is fetal in Camel, Horse and Dogs. The incubation period is usually 1 – 4 weeks. Few primary signs include intermittent fever, anemia and weight loss. There is high mortality rate in this disease. In this poor nutrition and stress can cause high mortality ( death rate ).
Trypanosomiases ( Surra ) caused by haemoprotozoan parasite constitutes the veterinary problems in worldwide as it leads to progressive basic symptoms as we discuss in brief ;
Local Names Of Trypanosomiases ( Surra ) :
There are lots of variety in name of trypanosomiases. There are many Hindi names as used in field area. First name is Surra meaning rotten or emaciation is the name denotes universally to explain this disease causes by Trypanosoma evansi. Other name is Dubla means emaciated, Purana means chronic or old, Tibursa means three years disease. There are few Gujrati names also regarding this disease such as dance Makhi no rog ( tabanus biting fly disease ) or Chakri no rog ( circling movement in acute stage ).
Causes / Etiology / Reason Of Trypanosomiases ( Surra ) In Cattles :
This disease caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma evansi. It is extracellular and lives in plasma. Major veterinary species are T Congolese, T vivax, T brucei brucei, T simiae, T brucie rhodesience and T brucie gambience are zoonotic with people as host.
Cattle, Sheep, Goat – T congolense, T vivax, T brucie brucie.
Pigs – T vivax
Dogs And Cats – T brucie
Horses and Camels – Not Specific
Incidence Of Surra In Animals :
There are various incidence about Surra in animals. The outbreaks of surra occur during the rainy and post monsoon season because the high density of the vector are more in rainy season. There are many types of sporadic cases are reported throughout the years. So be aware about this disease. There are many cases found in the field area. Be aware about transmission of this disease in your area.
Transmission Of Trypanosomiases ( Surra ) In Animals :
This disease is mostly transmitted by the fly named Tsetse flies. This is a type of fly. This flea suck the blood of infected animals. When they bite the healthy animals spread this disease. This is known as mechanical transmission. Tsetse flies lives in the body of horse and human beings. The carnivores animals are infected by the eating the meat of infected animals. The life cycle of tsetse flies may be short as 1 week.
Trypanosoma evansi is the part of subgenus Trypanozoon, which also include many more species such as T brucie and T. equiperdum. The protozoa T. evansi differ from the species by the DNA maxicircle which render it the unable to develop cyclically in insect vectors. Thus we determine that T. evansi is transmitted mechanically from the infected carrier animals to healthy animals through the hematophagous Dipteran flies belonging the genera Tabanus, Stomoxys, Haematopota, Lypersia and Hippobosca. There is no any development takes place inside the vector. Efficiency of the transmission is dependent on the interval between two successive feedings and intensity of fly challenge.
Clinical Findings / Symptoms : High mortality in this disease.
1. Per Acute Symptoms : In this form, generally no symptoms is seen, only nervous form of symptoms may be seen. Death within 2 – 4 hours.
2. Acute Symptoms : 1. Kicking of legs on belly.
2. Pressing head against wall.
3. Temperature 105 degree f.
4. Nervous symptoms – Circling, Excitement.
3. Chronic Symptoms : 1. Lacrimation, Dullness, Depression, Weakness, Red Conjuctiva.
2. Intermittent fever.
3. Oedema of legs.
4. Hyper esthetic leaves the herd and seek shade.
4. Specific Symptoms In Horses : 1. Intermittent fever.
2. Anemia.
3. Oedema of dependent part.
4. Pin Point hemorrhage of Conjuctiva.
5. In Camel Mainly In Chronic form About 3 years It Is Known As Tibera.
1. Intermittent fever.
2. Oedema.
3. Progressive weakness.
6. Symptoms In Dog :
1. Intermittent fever.
2. Corneal opacity that may lead to blindness.
3. Marked Oedema.
4. Voice Of Rabies.
High mortality cases are found in this disease. In fetal cases lymph nodes and spleen are usually swollen.
In chronic cases lymph nodes, series atrophy of fat and anemia are seen.
Diagnosis Of Trypanosomiases in Cattle ( Surra ) :
Diagnosis : 1. By typical symptoms.
2. By blood exam – a) Wet smear ( Live Protozoa )
2. Stained smear – a) Leishman stain ( Dead Protozoa )
2. Giemsa stain.
3. Biological method – Inject the blood of the suspected animal into the body of lab animals ( Mice or G. pig ). After 1 – 2 days, the lab animals start to die. Collect the blood of lab animals and examine the under microscope. We will find T. evansi after 5 days of all animals will die.
Trypanosomiases In Cattle ( Surra ) :
Treatment : Injection Triquin 2.5 g + 15 ml DW
Dosage : As per recommended by your veterinarian.
Or
Isometamidium, which is widely considered to be the drug of the choice in the prevention of bovine trypanosomiases, is administered by deep intramuscular injection.
All the treatment of your animals depend upon basic diagnosis by expert veterinarian. The most important point is that main types of diagnosis depend upon the basic criteria of recent or acute symptoms. The main course of medication will depend upon the basic symptoms of acute form.
Curative treatment is most effective in the herds that are inspected and treated at the regular intervals. The more frequently the visit are carried out the more effective the treatment regimen. So this is the most important part to study the main pathogenesis of trypanosomiases.
Prophylactic drugs : These are the used where the risk is so high that health of the herds can not be maintained by the individual application of curative compounds. In such a situation many animals contract the disease too frequently. Although curative treatments may prevent a high death rate. The overall health may be infected by this disease in complete herds.
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