Entering of any microbe into teat canal of animal causes mastitis in animals. These microbe enter through the teat canal of the animal. Mastitis caused by bacteria known as bacterial infection or bacterial mastitis. Bacteria species of streptococci and more gram negative/gram positive bacteria. Coliforms bacteria caused mastitis because they are lactose fermented bacteria. Many species of bacteria causes mastitis. This disease seems to be contagious because bacteria will transfer from one cow to another cow. This disease will spread through milker hands.
Definition : Inflammation in teat canal due to any bacteria causes mastitis in cattle. Mastitis caused by many bacteria named bacterial infection. Any microbe invade the teat canal of the animal causes mastitis in animal. Or It is a bacterial disease of the dairy cattle which is characterized by inflammation/nodules on udder and teat, flakes, water and blood in the milk.
Etiology / Epidemiology / Causes : Mastitis In Cattle
There are many factors that point out causes on the basis of predisposing factors and exciting causes. All the dairy herds may cause from mastitis because this disease mainly occur during the lactating animals. Predisposing factors such as unhygienic condition, defective milking, incomplete milking. And exciting causes such as streptococcus agalactiae ( 80 % infection ), Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus Aureus, Corynebacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Diplococcus ( all species ).
Historically, subclinical mastitis control focused on the contagious pathogens such as streptococcus agalactiae and staphylococcus aureus as well as other gram positive cocci. In field there are mostly notable bacteria that is Streptococcus dysgalactiae. This bacteria may be contagious or an part of environmental pathogens. This highly responsible for mastitis in cattle.
Others subclinical mastitis caused by gram – negative rods such as Klebsiella spp, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other a typical pathogens such as Candida spp and prototheca zopfii. Corynebacterium tuberculosis causes thick pus in teat of cattle in the case of mastitis.
Symptoms of Mastitis In Cattle : Mastitis in cattle
Four types of symptoms seen in the case of mastitis following as :
1. Per Acute Mastitis : Inflammation / Swelling in the teats ( painful ), High Temperature, Swelling, Death.
2. Acute Mastitis : Inflammation of udder and teat will small pain. Temperature will be increased ( 104 degree Fahrenheit ), Hard tissues, Growth of bacteria in udder, Anorexia.
3. Subacute Mastitis : Number of udder and teat and no pain. Change in color of the milk. It may be yellowish waterly, blood or flakes in the milk, No temperature no anorexia will be seen. Low milk production.
4. Chronic Mastitis : No any pain and inflammation, Mainly flakes in milk or no milk in the teat seen.
Clinical mastitis is an inflammatory response to infection causing the abnormal milk ( Color and fibrin clots ). As the extent of the inflammation increases, it changes in the udder ( swelling, heat, pain, redness ) may also be apparent. There are many cases that include the signs of the systemic involvement ( fever, anorexia, shock ), the case is termed severe.
The onset is very rapid as the often occurs with severe clinical symptoms. As we learned about mastitis this may resemble the chronic cases seen in the field. As the Mastitis is the bacterial disease of the animals so various antibiotics may used in the treatment of the mastitis. There are many other symptoms was seen in the case of mastitis.
This disease may be variable in different climatic conditions. So mastitis will effect not only teat but also affected on the whole body of the animals. There are many other symptoms that connectively based on type of bacteria that can effect the specific region. Chronic mastitis may it take long time to recover the mastitis by the treatment.
Diagnosis Of Mastitis In Cattle : Mastitis in cattle
Diagnosis is the main point in study of the mastitis case. There are many more other test that help to diagnose the mastitis in cattle such as California mastitis test etc. Mastitis diagnosis done by sampling of the milk so this known as mild clinical mastitis. There are many other points that help to diagnose the mastitis in cattle are following as :
1. By the history and symptoms that appear physically.
2. By the mastoid test of The California Mastitis test for example ; Take 2 ml of the milk from the affected udder and add 2 ml of mastoid solution. Mix it well if the thickening of the milk is seen then cattle may suffer from mastitis that is positive for mastitis.
3. By laboratory test such as bacteriological examination of the milk, Culture of the milk that is sensitivity test.
All these points help to diagnose the mastitis in cattle.
Prevention Of Mastitis In Cattle : Mastitis In Cattle
Prevention of clinical mastitis in cattle is essentially identical to that for the subclinical mastitis that is the decreasing microbe exposure to the teats. Because most clinical mastitis is caused by the pathogens that are predominantly environmentally in the origin that decreasing exposure from the bedding, housing and the in the outdoor lots and pastures is critical. There are few more important points that help to prevent the mastitis in cattle are following as :
- Maintain the hygienic condition around udder of the animals or the surrounding should be clean.
- Washing of hand and udder and the teats before and after the milking process.
- Full hand milking should be done in the cattle.
- The milking of the affected animals should be done in the separate utensil.
Treatment Of Mastitis In Cattle or First AID in the treatment of the mastitis in cattle :
Firstly you should have to clean the udder and the teat area by the help of potassium permanganate solution. There are many medical brands that provide intramammary infusion that infuse into the teat of the udder that suspect with mastitis. Firstly drain the whole milk from the effected quarter of the animal and the intramammary infusion should be used. Do not use the milk of the effected quarter until 2 – 4 days after the completion of the treatment. Antibiotics must be given during the treatment of the mastitis. If mastitis is suspected by the particular bacteria then you should have to used those antibiotics which have not any resistivity against that antibiotics. If you see blood in the milk then you should use 10 ml of formalin 1 – 2 liter of water.